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Everything About AWS Lambda: The Ultimate Guide for Beginners 1/2 Written by Hyojung Yoon Today, we will learn about AWS Lambda, a key player in various IT environments. AWS Lambda enables the provision of services with high availability and scalability, thus enhancing performance and stability in cloud environments like AWS. In this blog, we'll delve into AWS Lambda, covering its basic concepts, advantages and disadvantages, and real-life use cases. Additionally, we'll compare AWS Lambda with EC2 to understand when to use each service. Let's get started! What is AWS Lambda? What is Serverless Computing? AWS Lambda How AWS Lambda Works Pros and Cons of AWS Lambda Advantages Serverless Architecture Cost-Effective Integration with AWS Services Disadvantages Execution Time Limit Stateless ColdStart Concurrency Limit Use Cases of AWS Lambda Automation of System Operations Web Applications Serverless Batch Processing Others Differences between AWS Lambda and EC2 When to Use AWS Lambda? When to Use AWS EC2? Conclusion What is AWS Lambda? 1. What is Serverless¹ Computing? AWS Lambda is a serverless computing service. Serverless computing is a cloud computing execution model that allows the operation of backend services without managing servers. Here, you can focus solely on writing code, while AWS manages the infrastructure. This model enables developers to develop and deploy applications more quickly and efficiently. ¹Serverless? A cloud-native development model where developers don't need to provision servers or manage application scaling. Essentially, cloud providers manage server infrastructure, freeing developers to focus more on the actual functionalities they need to implement. 2. AWS Lambda AWS Lambda is an event-driven serverless computing service that enables code execution for a variety of applications and backend services without the need to provision or manage servers. Users simply provide code in a supported language runtimes (Lambda supports Python, C#, Node.js, Ruby, Java, PowerShell, Go). The code is structured as Lambda functions, which users can write and use as needed. AWS Lambda offers an automatically triggered code execution environment, ideal for an event-based architecture and powerful backend solutions. For example, code is executed when a file is uploaded to an S3 bucket or when a new record is added to DynamoDB. 3. How AWS Lambda Works Lambda Functions These are resources in Lambda that execute code in response to events or triggers from other AWS services. Functions include code to process events or other AWS service events that are passed to them. Event Triggers (Event Sources) AWS Lambda runs function instances to process events. These can be directly called using the Lambda API or triggered by various AWS sercies and resources. AWS Lambda functions are triggered by various events, like HTTP requests, data state transitions, file uploads, etc. How Lambda Works You create a function, add basic information, write code in the Lambda editor or upload it, and AWS handles scaling, patching, and infrastructure management. Pros and Cons of AWS Lambda Using AWS Lambda allows developers to focus on development without the burden of server management, similar to renting a car where you only drive, and maintenance is handled by the rental company. However, Lambda functions are stateless, so additional configurations are necessary for state management. Also, the 'cold start' phenomenon can slow initial response times, like a computer waking from sleep. 1. Advantages 1) Serverless Architecture Developers can focus on development without worrying about server management, akin to renting and driving a car while maintenance is handled by the rental company. 2) Cost-Effective Pay only for the computing resources actually used. Functions are called and processed only when needed, so you don't need to keep servers running all the time, making it cost-effective. Lambda charges based on the number of requests and the execution time of the Lambda code, so no charges apply when code is not running. 3) Integration with AWS Services Allows seamless integration and programmatic interactions with other AWS services. Lambda functions also allow programmatic interactions with other AWS services using one of the AWS software development kits (SDKs). 2. Disadvantages 1)Execution Time Limit Lambda has a maximum execution time of 15 minutes (900 seconds) and a maximum memory limit of 10GB (10240MB). Thus, it is not suitable for long-running processes that exceed 15 minutes. 2) Stateless³ Not suitable for maintaining states or DB connections. - ³Stateless? Means that data is not stored between interactions, allowing for multiple tasks to be performed at once or rapidly scaled without waiting for a task to complete. 3) ColdStart As a serverless service for efficient resource use, Lambda turns off computing power if not used for a long time. When a function is first called, additional setup is needed to run the Lambda function, leading to a delay known as a Cold Start. The cold start phenomenon varies depending on the language used and memory settings. This initial delay can affect performance by delaying responses. 4) Concurrency⁴ Limit By default, Lambda limits the number of Lambda functions that can be executed simultaneously to 1000 per region. Exceeding this number of requests can prevent Lambda from performing. - ⁴Concurrency? The number of requests a Lambda function is processing at the same time. As concurrency increases, Lambda provisions more execution environment instances to meet the demand. Use Cases of AWS Lambda Lambda is ideal for applications that need to rapidly scale up and scale down to zero when there's no demand. For example, Lambda can be used for purposes like: 1. Automation of System Operations 🎬 Set up CloudWatch Alarms for all resources. When resources are in poor condition, such as Memory Full or a sudden CPU spike, CloudWatch Alarms trigger a Lambda Function. The Lambda Function notifies the team or relevant parties via Email or Slack Notification. Combine Lambda Function with Ansible for automated recovery in case of failure, such as resetting memory on a local instance or replacing resources when Memory Full occurs. 2. Web Applications 🎬 Store Static Contents (like images) in S3 when clients connect. Use CloudFront in front of S3 for fast serving globally. Separately use Cognito for authentication. For Dynamic Contents and programmatic tasks, use Lambda and API Gateway to provide services, with DynamoDB as the backend database. 3. Serverless Batch Processing 🎬 When an object enters S3, a Lambda Splitter distributes tasks to Mappers, and the Mappers save the completed tasks in DynamoDB. Lambda Reducer outputs back to S3. 4. Other Cases 1) Real-Time Lambda Data Processing Triggered by Amazon S3 Uploads. [Example] Thumbnail creation for S3 source images. 2) Stream Processing Use Lambda and Amazon Kinesis for real-time streaming data processing for application activity tracking, transaction order processing, clickstream analysis, data cleansing, log filtering, indexing, social media analysis, IoT device data telemetry, etc. 3) IoT Backend Build a serverless backend using Lambda to handle web, mobile, IoT, and third-party API requests. 4) Mobile Backend Build a backend using Lambda and Amazon API Gateway to authenticate and process API requests. Integrate easily with iOS, Android, web, and React Native frontends using AWS Amplify. Differences Between AWS Lambda & EC2 AWS Lambda is serverless and event-driven, suitable for low-complexity, fast execution tasks, and infrequent traffic. EC2, on the other hand, is ideal for high-performance computing, disaster recovery, DevOps, development, and testing, and offers a secure environment. 1. When Should I Use AWS Lambda? Low-Complexity Code: Lambda is the perfect choice for running code with minimal variables and third-party dependencies. It simplifies the handling of easy tasks with low-complexity code. Fast Execution Time: Lambda is ideal for tasks that occur infrequently and need to be executed within minutes. Infrequent Traffic: Businesses dislike having idle servers while still paying for them. A pay-per-use model can significantly reduce computing costs. Real-Time Processing: Lambda, when used with AWS Kinesis, is best suited for real-time batch processing. Scheduled CRON Jobs: AWS Lambda functions are well-suited for ensuring scheduled events are triggered at their set times. 2. When Should I Use AWS EC2? High-Performance Computing: Using multiple EC2 instances, businesses can create virtual servers tailored to their needs, making EC2 perfect for handling complex tasks. Disaster Recovery: EC2 is used as a medium for disaster recovery in both active and passive environments. It can be quickly activated in emergencies, minimizing downtime. DevOps: DevOps processes have been comprehensively developed around EC2 Development and Testing: EC2 provides on-demand computing resources, enabling companies to deploy large-scale testing environments without upfront hardware investments. Secure Environment: EC2 is renowned for its excellent security. Conclusion This guide provided an in-depth understanding of AWS Lambda, which plays a significant role in traffic management and server load balancing in the AWS environment. In the next session, we will explore accessing the console, creating and executing Lambda functions, and understanding fee calculations. We hope this guide helps you in starting and utilizing AWS Lambda, as you embark on your journey into the expansive serverless world with AWS Lambda! Links A Deep Dive into AWS Lambda - Sungyeol Cho, System Engineer (AWS Managed Services) - YouTube What is AWS Lambda? - AWS Lambda Troubleshoot Lambda function cold start issues | AWS re:Post

What is Amazon Lightsail : EC2 vs Lightsail comparison written by Hyojung Yoon Hello everyone. Today, let's take some time to explore Amazon's cloud service called Lightsail. Understanding both Amazon Lightsail and Amazon EC2, two key cloud computing services, is essential. These two services are part of AWS's major cloud solutions, each with its unique features and advantages. In this post, we'll delve into each service, especially focusing on the key features of Amazon Lightsail and when it's suitable. So, let's dive right in! What is Amazon Lightsail? Amazon Lightsail What is a VPS? Components ofLightsail Features of Lightsail Advantages of Lightsail Disadvantages of Lightsail EC2 vs Lightsail Differences between Amazon Lightsail and EC2 Which one should you use? Conclusion What is Amazon Lightsail? 1. Amazon Lightsail Amazon Lightsail is a Virtual Private Server(VPS)created by AWS. It includes everything you need to quickly launch your project, such as instances, container services, managed databases, CDN distribution, load balancers, SSD-based block storage, static IP addresses, DNS management for registered domains, and resource snapshots (backups), and more. It's specialized in making it easy and fast to build websites or web applications. 2. What is a VPS? A VPS stands for Virtual Private Server, which means taking a physical server and dividing it into multiple virtual servers. These segmented virtual servers are shared among various clients. While you share a physical server with others, each clients has its private server space. However, since everyone shares computing resources on one server, a user monopolizing too many resources can affect others in terms of RAM, CPU, etc. 3. Components of Lightsail Instances Containers Databases Networking Static IP Load Balancer(ELB) Deployment(CDN) DNS Zone : Domain & Sub-domain management Storage(S3, EBS): Additional capacity available if instances run out of space Snapshots(AMI) : Scheduled for automatic backups Features of Lightsail 1. Advantages of Lightsail AWS Lightsail allows for intuitive instance creation, which is less complex than EC2. With pre-configured bundles, users can swiftly deploy applications, websites, and development environments without a deep understanding of cloud architecture. Its user-friendly interface allows easy creation of containers, storage, and databases. This makes it ideal for beginners and smaller projects. 2. Disadvantages of Lightsail However, the advantages mentioned above can become limitations of Lightsail. It may not be suitable for applications expecting rapid increases in traffic or resource demands, and pre-configured bundles can limit detailed settings. Additionally, integrating with other AWS services may require migration. Other limitations include: Up to 20 instances per account 5 fixed IP addresses per account Up to 6 DNS zones per account Total 20TB block storage (disks) attachment 5 load balancers per account Up to 20 certificates EC2 vs Lightsail 1. Differences Between Amazon Lightsail and EC2 1) Cost Generally, Amazon Lightsail is cheaper. At 2GB memory, it charges $10, inclusive of 60GB SSD EBS volume and traffic costs. In contrast, EC2 charges $11.37 for a 3-year commitment (without upfront payment) for t3.small with 60GB EBS. Here, traffic costs are extra. Therefore, Lightsail is more economical for continuous usage. However, if you only use EC2 for the necessary time, it might be cost-effective. EC2 charges are based on actual usage, making it a more flexible option for cost management. 2) Features While EC2 offers more advanced features not available in Lightsail, it may lack some detailed options. Features not available in Lightsail include: Limited VPC-related functions Instance type changes Scheduled snapshot creation Detailed security group settings IAM role assignment Various load balancer options 2. Which one should you use? 1) Amazon EC2(Elastic Compute Cloud) Powerful and flexible cloud computing platform offered by AWS Customizable on-demand computing performance for all application needs Scalable resources for anything from websites to high-performance scientific simulations Seamlessly integrates with other AWS services Ideal for businesses with infrastructure managers capable of managing virtual servers, networks, security groups, etc. It's particularly beneficial for CPU-intensive operations and on-demand functionalities, allowing for efficient cost management. 2) Amazon Lightsail Simplifies the cloud experience Offers virtual servers, storage, and networking in easy-to-understand packages Ideal for simpler applications like personal websites, blogs, or small web apps Fixed pricing model simplifies budgeting Ideal for individuals looking for swift web service hosting without dedicated infrastructure management. It's more suitable for services emphasizing network traffic rather than CPU-intensive tasks. Conclusion Understanding the differences between Amazon EC2 and Lightsail is the first step toward harnessing cloud computing. EC2 offers high scalability and customization, while Lightsail provides a simple and intuitive cloud experience. By selecting the most appropriate service based on your requirements, technical expertise, and project complexity, you can ensure success in the digital landscape. Both have unique advantages, so choose according to your needs and expertise. So, enjoy your cloud surfing! ⛵⛵ Links Virtual Private Server and Web Hosting-Amazon Lightsail-Amazon Web Services Virtual Private Server and Web Hosting - Amazon Lightsail FAQs - Amazon Web Services

Written by Hyojung Yoon Hello, everyone! Today, we will delve into the fascinating world of Load Balancers and Load Balancing – pivotal technologies that make the world smarter by enabling web services to maintain stability, even in high traffic situations, especially in cloud environments like AWS. These technologies enhance the service's performance, stability, and scalability. Let’s begin our journey through the basic concepts of Load Balancers and Load Balancing to the types of AWS Load Balancers in this blog. What is a Load Balancer Load Balancer Scale Up and Scale Out What is a Load Balancing Load Balancing Benefits of Load Balancing Load Balancing Algorithms Static Load Balancing Round Robin Method Weighted Round Robin Method IP Hash Method Dynamic Load Balancing Least Connection Method Least Response Time Method Types of AWS Load Balancer ALB(Application Load Balancer) NLB(Network Load Balancer) ELB(Elastic Load Balancer) Conclusion What is a Load Balacer? 1. Load Balancer Load Balancers sit between the client and a group of servers, distributing traffic evenly across multiple servers and thereby mitigating the load on any particular server. When there is excessive traffic to a single server, it may not handle the load, leading to downtime. To address this issue, either a Scale Up or Scale Out approach is employed. 2. Scale Up and Scale Out Scale Up improves the existing server's performance, including tasks like upgrading CPU or memory, while Scale Out distributes traffic or workload across multiple computers or servers. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and choosing the more appropriate one is crucial. In the case of Scale Out, Load Balancing is essential to evenly distribute the load among multiple servers. The primary purpose of Load Balancing is to prevent any single server from being overwhelmed by distributing incoming web traffic across multiple servers, thus enhancing server performance and stability. What is a Load Balancing? 1. Load Balancing Load Balancing refers to the technology that distributes tasks evenly across multiple servers or computing resources, preventing service interruption due to excessive traffic and ensuring tasks are processed without delay. 2. Benefits of Load Balancing 1) Application Availability Server failures or maintenance can increase application downtime, rendering the application unusable for visitors. A load balancer automatically detects server issues and redirects client traffic to available servers, enhancing system fault tolerance. With load balancing, it is more manageable to: Undertake application server maintenance or upgrades without application downtime Facilitate automatic disaster recovery to your backup site Conduct health checks and circumvent issues leading to downtime 2) Application Scalability A load balancer can intelligently route network traffic between multiple servers. This allows your application to accommodate thousands of client requests, enabling you to: Circumvent traffic bottlenecks on individual servers Gauge application traffic to adaptively add or remove servers as required Integrate redundancy into your system for coordinated and worry-free operation 3) Application Security Load balancers, equipped with inbuilt security features, add an extra security layer to your Internet applications. They are invaluable for managing distributed denial-of-service attacks, where an attacker overwhelms an application server with concurrent requests, causing server failure. Additionally, a load balancer can: Monitor traffic and block malicious content Reduce impact by dispersing attack traffic across multiple backend servers Direct traffic through network firewall groups for reinforced security 4) Application Performance Load balancers enhance application performance by optimizing response times and minimizing network latency. They facilitate several crucial tasks to: Elevate application performance by equalizing load across servers Lower latency by routing client requests to proximate servers Guarantee reliability and performance of both physical and virtual computing resources Load Balancing Algorithms Various algorithms, such as Round Robin, Weighted Distribution, and Least Connections, are employed for load balancing, each serving different purposes and scenarios. 1. Static Load Balancing 1)Round Robin Method This method systematically allocates client requests across servers. It is apt when servers share identical specifications and the connections (sessions) with the server are transient. Example: For servers A, B, and C, the rotation order is A → B → C → A. 2) Weighted Round Robin Method This assigns weights to each server and prioritizes the server with the highest weight. When servers have varied specifications, this method increases traffic throughput by assigning higher weights to superior servers. Example: Server A's weight=8; Server B's weight=2; Server C's weight=3. Hence, 8 requests are assigned to Server A, 2 to Server B, and 3 to Server C. 3) IP Hash Method Here, the load balancer hashes the client IP address, converting IP addresses to numbers and mapping them to distinct servers. This method assures users are consistently directed to the same server. 2. Dynamic Load Balancing 1) Least Connection Method This method directs traffic to the server with the fewest active connections, presuming each connection demands identical processing power across all servers. 2) Least Response Time Method This considers both the current connection status and server response time, steering traffic to the server with the minimal response time. It is suitable when servers have disparate available resources, performance levels, and processing data volumes. If a server adequately meets the criteria, it is prioritized over a server that is unoccupied. This algorithm is employed by the load balancer to ensure prompt service for all users. Types of AWS Load Balancer 1. ALB(Application Load Balancer) Complex modern applications often operate on server farms, each composed of multiple servers assigned to specific application functions. An Application Load Balancer (ALB) redirects traffic after examining the request content, such as HTTP headers or SSL session IDs. For instance, an e-commerce application, possessing features like a product directory, shopping cart, and checkout functionality, when coupled with an ALB, dispenses content like images and videos without necessitating sustained user connection. When a user searches for a product, the ALB directs the search request to a server where maintaining user connection is not mandatory. Conversely, the shopping cart, which necessitates the maintenance of multiple client connections, transmits the request to a server capable of long-term data storage. It facilitates application-level load balancing, apt for HTTP/HTTPS traffic. It supports L7-based load balancers and can enforce SSL. 2. NLB(Network Load Balancer) A Network Load Balancer (NLB) operates by analyzing IP addresses and various network data to efficiently direct traffic. It allows you to trace the origin of your application traffic and allocate static IP addresses to multiple servers. The NLB uses both static and dynamic load balancing methods to distribute server load effectively. It’s an ideal solution for scenarios demanding high performance, capable of managing millions of requests per second while maintaining low latency. It’s especially adept at handling abrupt increases and fluctuations in traffic, making it particularly useful for real-time streaming services, video conferencing, and chat applications where establishing and maintaining a smart, optimized connection is crucial. In such cases, utilizing an NLB ensures effective management of connections and maintenance of session persistence. It conducts network-level load balancing, suitable for TCP/UDP traffic. It supports L4-based load balancers. 3. ELB(Elastic Load Balancer) Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) automatically allocates incoming traffic amongst various targets like EC2 instance containers and IP addresses across multiple Availability Zones. With ELB, the load on both L4 and L7 can be controlled. Should the primary address of your server alter, a new load balancer must be created and a target group must be assigned to a singular address, making the process more complex and cost-intensive with the increase in targets. It accommodates the four types of load balancers provided by AWS. It extends substantial scalability and adaptability to cater to diverse needs and environments. Conclusion We have delved into the intricate domains of load balancers and load balancing, recognizing the indispensable role a load balancer plays in moderating website and application traffic and allocating server load to bolster service performance and stability. Particularly within cloud environments like AWS, a plethora of load balancing options and functionalities are available, allowing the implementation of the most suited solution for your services and applications. Such technological advancements empower us to offer quicker and more reliable services, culminating in enhanced user experience and customer contentment, thus forging the path to business success. Links What is a Load Balancing? - Load Balancing Algorithm Explained - AWS Load Balancer - Amazon Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) - AWS What is an Application Load Balancer? - Elastic Load Balancing What is a Network Load Balancer? - Elastic Load Balancing What is an Elastic Load Balanceing? - Elastic Load Balancing

Written by Hyojung Yoon You may be wondering how much it will cost you to move to the AWS cloud, or you may be hesitant to move to the cloud because you're afraid you'll make a mistake and end up paying more. Well, listen up, because we've got the answer to all of your worries. Over the next 10 minutes, I'm going to show you how to estimate your AWS costs with the AWS Cost Calculator, which will help you estimate your AWS costs. First, let's take a quick look at AWS's pricing model, and then we'll show you how to calculate your costs, so let's get started! Benefits and Features AWS Pricing Model On-Demand Reserved Instances Spot Instances Savings Plans How to use AWS Pricing Calculator AWS Pricing Calculator Q&A Ways to save money on AWS Conclusion 1. Benefits and Features 1) Transparent pricing See the math behind the price for your service configurations. View prices per service or per group of services to analyze your architecture costs. 2) Share your estimate Save each estimate's unique link to share or revisit directly through your browser. Estimates are saved to AWS public servers. 3) Hierarchical estimates See and analyze service costs grouped by different parts of your architecture. 4) Estimate exports Export your estimate to a .csv, .pdf and .json file to quickly share and analyze your proposed architecture spend. 2. AWS Pricing Models 1) On-Demand The most basic pricing option, you pay for what you use. Users use it when they need it and are only charged for what they use, making your business more elastic. Choose this if you're primarily using resources on a temporary basis or for testing purposes. 📌Pros: Great for unpredictable workloads, flexible resource management 📌Cons: Most expensive pricing option, costs can add up quickly 2) Reserved Instances (RIs) Reserved Instances, also known as RIs, are an option to pay for capacity upfront and receive a discount by committing to use it for one or three years. When you reserve an instance, you pay the committed amount regardless of usage, and of the three payment options, the full upfront payment results in a larger discount. With discounts of up to 75% off the same on-demand capacity, reserved instances are available for EC2, RDS, and ElastiCache. 📌Pros: Cost savings, easier to set up and maintain than spot instances. 📌Cons: You pay for reserved capacity regardless of usage, and RI can be difficult to manage if you have a lot of instances, so many companies use AWS partners to manage their RIs. (If you reserve 100 instances through RI, but only use 70 due to service scaling or other reasons, you'll still have to pay for 100 instances for the duration of your contract) 3) Spot Instances AWS reserves more resources than customers need, so there is always spare compute capacity available. Users can purchase these extra instances at a discounted hourly rate with no prior commitment, which can be as much as 90% off. However, this method is less secure, and when the total number of EC2 instances runs out, the spot instances in use will be terminated. Therefore, it is recommended to use it for the purpose of performing specific operations instead of hosting a database or server. 📌Pros: Maximum cost savings, and the extra computer capacity will allow you to scale quickly. 📌Cons: Very unreliable as instances can be terminated at any time (but you will be warned 2 minutes before the instance is terminated) 4) Savings Plans (SP) A model that allows you to reduce your payment by up to 72% compared to the on-demand price. You'll commit for 1 or 3 years based on your hourly usage. You'll stay within your commitment, regardless of instance class or size, and if you go over your commitment, you'll be charged the on-demand rate. 📌Pros: You can get benefits of flexibility and convenience, regardless of instance class or size. 📌Cons: You have to pay a fixed amount regardless of usage, and you can't cancel, refund, or change after purchase. ※ LifeHack: It is pretty much impossible to refund or change RI or SP after purchase, so we strongly recommend you to purchase very carefully. 3. How to use AWS Pricing Calculator 1) Create estimate You can change the language setting in the top right corner, and the [Create estimate] Button shows you how to calculate your costs. 2) Add Services Search and add AWS services that you need. In this case, we'll calculate the cost of Amazon EC2, the most common AWS service. 3) Configure Services ① Choose a Region AWS has slightly different costs for each region, so choose the region where your service will be deployed. ※ It's a good idea to write a description (ex : dev_ if this is a development server) because it's convenient to see a summary of estimated costs later. ② Configure Specifications Choose the one that fits your operating system. Let's use Linux as an example, as it's the most popular. Let's arbitrarily put in that we're using 2 instances and calculate. ③ Choose an Instance Type Next, choose an instance type. We'll choose t3.medium, which is the most popular type. ④ Select a Pricing Option The pricing option is set to Savings Plan by default, so we'll change it to On-Demand. ⑤ Amazon EBS Select General Purpose SSD (gp3) from Amazon EBS. General-purpose SSD (gp3) is the most recent version and is less expensive than gp2. IOPS and throughput are set to the default values of 3000 and 125, and the storage size is arbitrary. For this article, we set it to 100 GB. When you select [Save and view summary], you can see the estimated cost of the service, as shown below. In my estimate, you can see the upfront cost, monthly cost, and 12-month cost. If you are using multiple services together, you can add additional services such as EC2, ELB, etc. to be included in the service through the [Add Service] button. 4) Export My Estimate You can save it as a CSV or PDF file, or you can share it via the [Share] button with a URL, just like you would a saved estimate form. Another option is to save the estimate file before the service. 4. AWS Pricing Calculator Q&A Q1: Why is my estimate different than my actual bill? A1: The AWS Pricing Calculator estimates service costs based on a normalized monthly time frame. The Calculator assumes there are 730 hours in a month ((365 days * 24 hours) / 12 months in a year), which may be less or more than the actual hours in the current billing period. For e­xample, if you use an On-Demand EC2 instance that costs 0.10 USD an hour, you will see the following variances in pricing between your estimated cost and your actual monthly costs: Monthly cost estimated by the AWS Pricing Calculator: 730 hours x 0.10 USD = 73.00 USD Actual cost in February of a non-leap year: 28 days x 24 hours x 0.10 USD = 67.20 USD Actual cost in February of a leap year: 29 days x 24 hours x 0.10 USD = 69.60 USD Actual cost in November: 30 days x 24 hours x 0.10 USD = 72.00 USD Actual cost in October: 31 days x 24 hours x 0.10 USD = 74.40 USD If you use the same On-Demand EC2 instance for a year, your estimated and actual costs are the same: 12-month total cost estimated by the AWS Pricing Calculator: 730 hours x 12 months x 0.10 USD = 876.00 USD Actual total hours a non-leap year: 8760 hours x 0.10 USD = 876.00 USD Q2. If I purchased EC2 RI with the full upfront payment option, why do I still have monthly payments? A2. This is due to Amazon EBS. Amazon EBS is a service that provides block-level storage volumes that can be used with EC2 instances. EBS is not eligible for RI, so even if you pay for the full EC2 RI upfront, you will still have monthly payments for EBS. 5. AWS Cost Optimization with SmileShark You can easily optimize your AWS cost with SmileShark. ▶ Talk to SmileShark sales experts: https://www.smileshark.kr/contact?lang=en ▶ Learn about SmileShark's CloudOps service: https://www.smileshark.kr/cloudops?lang=en ▶ How to lower AWS cost through SmileShark: https://www.smileshark.kr/post/case-study-opensurvey-aws-migration-en?lang=en Conclusion In this blog, we've discussed AWS's pricing model and cost calculator, and we hope you'll use the AWS Pricing Calculator to help you estimate your costs, one of the most important factors in your AWS cloud journey. Links AWS Pricing Calculator Amazon EC2 Spot - Save up-to 90% on On-Demand Prices Reserved Instances Cloud Cost Savings - Savings Plans - Amazon Web Services Calculator FAQ

Written by Hyojung Yoon With the cloud computing market growing rapidly, many organizations are turning to cloud storage services to store and manage their data. Today, we're going to compare and analyze the types of cloud storage and the three main storage services offered by AWS - S3, EFS, and EBS - and identify suitable use cases. Let's get started! What is Cloud Storage Features of Cloud Storage Types of Cloud Storage Block Storage File Storage Object Storage What is Amazon EBS Features of EBS When should I use EBS? What is Amazon EFS Features of EFS When should I use EFS? What is Amazon S3 Features of S3 When should I use S3? AWS Storage Services Comparison & Use Cases Conclusion What is Cloud Storage? Features of Cloud Storage Cloud storage has many benefits. It provides scalability, allowing you to quickly increase or decrease storage capacity as needed; it also provides redundancy, creating copies of your data to prevent data loss; and one of the biggest benefits is accessibility. You can access your data anytime, anywhere, from any device with an internet connection. Types of Cloud Storage Block Storage A block storage is a way of storing data by dividing it into "blocks" of a certain size. Each of these blocks has a unique address, which allows you to reconstruct the block to retrieve the data. It's similar to partitioning a computer drive to use space. Because block storage has unique addresses, it can have multiple access paths, allowing for quick retrieval. It can also be partitioned, allowing access from different OSs. AWS's block storage service is Elastic Block Store (EBS). File Storage A file storage, or file-based storage, has a hierarchy of folders and files. Each file depends on a folder, which in turn depends on other folders. You can think of it as a Windows Explorer-like structure. You have folders within folders, and you store files in them. If you have a small number of files, you shouldn't have much trouble sorting and organizing them, but if you have a large number of files, sorting, organizing, and finding them can be a challenge. AWS's file storage service is Elastic File System (EFS). Object Storage A object storage can be thought of as logical storage. While both block and file storage operate at the OS level, object storage operates at the application level. Because there are no physical constraints, you can grow your space as much as you want. Each piece of data is designated as an object and stored as a separate unit of data. Objects can be anything from machine learning (ML), sensor data, and more, as well as unstructured data like photos and videos. It stores data in a flat structure with no hierarchy. It's easily accessible, fast, and highly scalable. AWS's largest object storage service is Simple Storage Service (S3). To make it a little easier for you to understand storage services, let's use a parking system analogy. You can think of block storage as a large parking lot, and a block as a space in the parking lot. Just as we park our cars in specific spaces, we store data in predetermined blocks. In block storage, each block has a unique address for where it's stored, so when a file is requested from the server, the data can be retrieved by reorganizing the blocks through this address. This is ideal for fast processing of structured data. File storage is a parking tower in a city center. The more cars parked in a parking tower, the more it becomes cluttered and the more difficult it becomes to park or leave. File storage can also degrade as the amount of data grows, increasing the resource demands to keep track of files and folders. Finally, object storage can be thought of as a valet parking service. You don't need to know where you park, just hand over your key, and it will park your car for you efficiently and securely. You also only need to hand over your key to retrieve your car. In object storage, all objects are stored in a single, flat space, unlike file storage, which has a hierarchical structure. This space has a unique identifier and the objects are stored as objects themselves, making them easy to access. Also, if you know the key(name) of an object, you can search for it quickly and easily. What is Amazon EBS(Elastic Block Storage)? Amazon EBS is a high-performance block storage service used by Amazon EC2 instances that provides persistent block storage volumes. It is recognized by EC2 instances like HDD and SSD types, and can deliver the performance you want. Features of EBS EC2 Instances stay separate when shut down, so no data is lost Each Volume is automatically repeated within the AZ Offers a variety of volume types that can be cost-optimized based on workload EBS volumes can be created and restored from backed up snapshots Ideal if you need access to DB, file system, or ras block-level storage When should I use EBS? Use when you need high-performance storage services for a single instance. What is Amazon EFS(Elastic File System)? Amazon EFS provides a simple, scalable, serverless file system that can be used with AWS cloud services and on-premises resources. Think of EFS as file storage for your Linux instances, similar to NFS and NAS folders in your company's on-premises environment. Features of EFS Quickly and easily create and configure file systems with a fully managed service Accessible from thousands of EC2s simultaneously Automatically and instantly expand or contract storage capacity as files are added or removed Files are stored redundantly in multiple Availability Zones so that if one Availability Zone is destroyed, the service can still be served from another Availability Zone When should I use EFS? EFS is ideal for workloads that require a shared file system for multiple EC2 instances, so it's a good choice for file storage for content management systems. What is Amazon S3(Simple Stoarge Services)? Amazon S3 is an internet-accessible object storage service. In other words, it's a service for storing data online, like Google Drive or iCloud. Features of S3 Highly scalable and stores any amount of data Highly durable and 99.99% available HTTP accessible and provides REST and SOAP interfaces Provides data protection through versioning and data backup and restore through hybrid configurations When should I use S3? For internal shared documents that you don't plan to open (read) often, you can store them on S3 at a lower cost than the other two storage services. However, if they are constantly shared and require frequent reads/writes, I recommend EFS It's also great for storing data that you can run complex queries on. It also supports static websites, so you can use it if you need to host multiple static HTML pages. AWS Storage Services Comparison & Usage Examples *Amazon EBS Usage Examples Database: Retail companies can use EBS as the relational database for their e-commerce applications. The high performance of EBS ensures that applications can quickly read and write data from the database, keeping the site responsive even under heavy load. Enterprise applications: Multinational companies can use EBS for enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems that require fast input and output operations. Data warehousing: Financial institutions can use EBS as a data warehouse to store large amounts of transactional data for business intelligence applications. Boot volumes: Startups building cloud-based software can use EBS to host boot volumes for EC2 instances. This enables EC2 instances to boot quickly and maintain high performance. *Amazon EFS Usage Examples Shared workspace: Software development teams working together on a codebase can use EFS to share code files. All developers can access and edit files at the same time. Content management systems: News organizations can use EFS as a content management system where reporters, editors, and web designers can access and edit articles and related media files simultaneously. Machine learning: Machine learning models need access to large data sets during training. With EFS, multiple instances can read training data simultaneously, speeding up the training process. Web services and content delivery: Popular blogging platforms can use EFS to store blog content. EFS allows you to read files from multiple servers to serve content to users, making it more efficient to handle high traffic volumes. *Amazon S3 Usage Examples Media hosting: For video streaming services like Netflix, S3 can efficiently store and deliver large amounts of multimedia content to a global audience. Data lake: Healthcare analytics companies can use S3 as a data lake to securely store massive amounts of patient data and run machine learning models to gain insights. Static website hosting: Freelance web designers can use S3 to host client websites. It's simple to set up, reliable, and can handle large amounts of traffic. Backup and archiving: Businesses can use S3 to back up their on-premises data. S3's durability ensures that backup data is preserved accurately over long periods of time. Conclusion In this article, we've covered cloud storage services, specifically AWS's most popular storage services. The main AWS storage services we've covered in this article - Amazon EBS, Amazon EFS, and S3 - can be chosen based on your specific needs, budget, and desired level of management. When choosing a storage service, don't forget to consider not only cost and features, but also your needs and how the service fits into your long-term goals! Links What is Cloud Storage? - Cloud Storage Explained - AWS Amazon Elastic File System(EFS) Features | Cloud File Storage | AWS What is Object Storage? - Object Storage Explained - AWS What is Block Storage? - Block Storage Explained - AWS

AWS와 온프레미스에서 손쉽게 Kubernetes를 실행할 수 있는 관리형 Kubernetes 서비스 개요 Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service(Amazon EKS)는 AWS 클라우드와 온프레미스 데이터 센터에서 Kubernetes를 실행하는 데 사용되는 관리형 Kubernetes 서비스입니다. 클라우드에서 Amazon EKS는 컨테이너 예약, 애플리케이션 가용성 관리, 클러스터 데이터 저장 및 다른 주요 작업을 담당하는 Kubernetes 컨트롤 플레인의 가용성과 확장성을 관리합니다. Amazon EKS를 사용하면 AWS 네트워킹 및 보안 서비스와의 통합뿐만 아니라 AWS 인프라의 모든 성능, 규모, 신뢰성 및 가용성을 활용할 수 있습니다 온프레미스에서 EKS는 완벽하게 지원되는 일관된 Kubernetes 솔루션을 제공합니다. 통합된 도구를 사용하여 AWS Outposts, 가상 머신 또는 베어 메탈 서버에 간편하게 배포할 수 있습니다. AWS WAF 작동 방식 관리형 Kubernetes 클러스터 이점 관리형 제어 영역 Amazon EKS는 여러 AWS 가용 영역(AZ)에서 실행되는, 확장 가능하고 가용성이 높은 Kubernetes 제어 영역을 제공합니다. Amazon EKS는 etcd 지속성 계층과 Kubernetes API 서버의 가용성 및 확장성을 자동으로 관리합니다. Amazon EKS는 높은 가용성을 보장하기 위해 3개의 AZ에서 Kubernetes 제어 영역을 실행하고 비정상적인 제어 영역 노드를 자동으로 감지해 교체합니다. 서비스 통합 AWS Controllers for Kubernetes(ACK)를 사용하면 Kubernetes 환경 내에서 직접 AWS 서비스를 관리하고 제어할 수 있습니다. ACK를 사용하면 AWS 서비스를 활용하는, 확장 가능한 고가용성의 Kubernetes 애플리케이션을 간편하게 구축할 수 있습니다. 호스트형 Kubernetes 콘솔 EKS는 Kubernetes 클러스터에 대한 통합 콘솔을 제공합니다. 클러스터 운영자와 애플리케이션 개발자는 EKS를 단일 위치로 사용하여 Amazon EKS에서 실행되는 Kubernetes 애플리케이션을 구성하고 시각화하며 관련 문제를 해결할 수 있습니다. EKS 콘솔은 AWS를 통해 호스팅되며 모든 EKS 클러스터에 자동으로 제공됩니다. EKS 추가 기능 EKS 추가 기능은 Kubernetes의 운영 기능을 확장하는 일반적인 운영 소프트웨어입니다. EKS를 사용하여 이 추가 기능 소프트웨어를 설치하고 최신 상태로 유지할 수 있습니다. Amazon EKS 클러스터를 시작할 때 가관측성, 네트워킹, 자동 크기 조정 및 AWS 서비스 통합을 위한 Kubernetes 도구를 포함하여 클러스터에서 실행하려는 추가 기능을 선택합니다. 관리형 노드 그룹 Amazon EKS를 사용하면 단일 명령으로 클러스터의 노드를 생성, 업데이트, 조정 및 종료할 수 있습니다. 이러한 노드에서 Amazon EC2 스팟 인스턴스를 활용하여 비용을 절감할 수도 있습니다. 관리형 노드 그룹은 AWS 계정의 최신 EKS 최적화 또는 사용자 지정 Amazon Machine Image(AMI)를 사용하여 Amazon EC2 인스턴스를 실행하며, 업데이트 및 종료 시에는 노드를 정상적으로 드레이닝하여 애플리케이션 가용성을 유지합니다. 하이브리드 배포 AWS Outposts에서 EKS를 사용하여 온프레미스 시스템에 대한 매우 짧은 대기 시간을 필요로 하는 컨테이너식 애플리케이션을 실행할 수 있습니다. AWS Outposts는 AWS 인프라, AWS 서비스, API 및 도구를 거의 모든 연결된 사이트로 확장하는 완전관리형 서비스입니다. Outposts 기반 EKS를 사용하여 클라우드에서 컨테이너를 관리하는 것처럼 쉽게 온프레미스에서도 컨테이너를 관리할 수 있습니다. AWS Local Zones 또는 AWS Wavelength에서 실행되는 노드를 EKS에 연결하면 엣지에서 더 많은 AWS 관리형 인프라를 선택할 수 있습니다. Amazon EKS Distro를 사용하면 AWS 기반 Amazon EKS에 사용된 오픈 소스 Kubernetes 소프트웨어 배포를 패키징하여 자체 온프레미스 인프라에서 사용할 수 있습니다. 자체 도구 또는 Amazon EKS Anywhere를 통해 EKS Distro 클러스터를 관리할 수 있습니다. Amazon EKS Anywhere를 사용하면 자체 가상 머신(VM)과 베어 메탈 서버를 포함한 온프레미스 인프라에서 Kubernetes 클러스터(Amazon EKS Distro의 소프트웨어를 사용하여 구축)를 손쉽게 생성하고 운영할 수 있습니다. EKS Anywhere를 사용하면 Kubernetes 클러스터 관리를 위한 자체 도구를 구축하고 지원해야 하는 복잡성이 줄어듭니다. EKS Anywhere는 클러스터 생성, 인프라(예: 베어 메탈, VMware vSphere 및 클라우드 가상 머신) 관리 및 운영을 간소화하는 자동화 도구를 제공합니다. 여기에는 기본 로깅, 모니터링, 네트워킹 및 스토리지 구성이 포함된 클라우드 가상 머신도 포함됩니다. EKS Anywhere는 클러스터 설치 및 수명 주기 관리, 관측성, 클러스터 백업 및 정책 관리 등 프로덕션에서 Kubernetes를 실행하는 데 필요한 추가 도구 및 구성 요소를 제공합니다. ※스마일샤크가 제공하는 모든 콘텐츠는 관련 법의 보호를 받습니다. 스마일샤크 콘텐츠를 사전허가 없이 무단으로 복사·배포·판매·전시·개작할 경우 민·형사상 책임이 따를 수 있습니다. 콘텐츠 사용과 관련해 궁금한 점이 있으면 전화(☎:0507-1485-2028) 또는 이메일(contact@smileshark.kr)로 문의하기 바랍니다.

About the Customer Business Post focuses on providing in-depth analysis and forecasts of economic phenomena and economic activities in the real economy and financial economy. Unlike general newspapers that focus on breaking news, our articles focus on digging into the background of events and accidents, pointing out key points, and predicting the future. Company : Business Post Industry : Newspaper Publishing Establishment : 2013.11 ​Website : https://www.businesspost.co.kr Customer Challenges Need an AWS expert partner to achieve performance, security, high availability, and cost optimization based on AWS Well-Architected Framework Requires monitoring solution to check the usage of each service Requires redundancy and security services for high security and availability Need a service that blocks aggressive traffic Requires database migration On-premise MySQL to cloud native database Proposed Solution & Architecture Configure CloudWatch to monitor to collect and visualize real-time logs, metrics, and event data Enable Multi-Factor-Authentication (MFA) to enhance account security Block aggressive traffic by introducing WAF service Configure RDS MySQL Aurora Configure AutoScaling to respond to increased traffic Multi-AZ configuration for high availability Outcomes of Project & Success Metrics Reduce average time to discover infrastructure failure through CloudWatch Protect their account resources from abusing by enabling MFA The number of databases going to RDS decreases Continuous service between failures with Multi AZ configuration ※All contents provided by Smileshark are protected by related laws. Civil and criminal responsibilities may follow if you copy, distribute, sell, display, or modify Smileshark content without prior permission. If you have any questions regarding the use of content, please contact us by phone (☎: 0507-1485-2028) or email (contact@smileshark.kr).

Written by Hyojung Yoon Hello! Today, we're going to learn about fundamental building blocks of AWS and other cloud platforms: the VPC. In this guide, you'll learn what a private cloud is, how it works, and why it's such an important part of your cloud environment. So let's get started with our comprehensive guide to VPCs! What is a VPC? What is a Private Cloud? What is Amazon VPC? Components of a VPC Subnets Routing tables Internet gateways and NAT gateways Network Access and Security Groups Benefits of Using a VPC VPCs and other cloud models Conclusion What is a VPC? What is a Private Cloud? A private cloud is a cloud computing environment dedicated to a single organization. Any cloud infrastructure has underlying compute resources like CPU and storage that you provision on demand through a self-service portal. In a private cloud, all resources are isolated and in the control of one organization. So, the private cloud is also called the internal or corporate cloud. What is Amazon VPC? A Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) is a private network space dedicated to a customer that is logically independent. If that sounds too difficult, let's imagine a large apartment complex as an AWS cloud environment. The apartment complex has a huge amount of land and in addition to apartments, it has tons of facilities such as common areas, gyms, and swimming pools. Now imagine that within this large complex, you have a penthouse for yourself. The penthouse has everything you need - a living room, bedroom, kitchen, and even a private terrace - and no one else can enter or use it without your permission. This penthouse in an apartment complex is a good representation of a VPC in the AWS cloud. A VPC is a secure, dedicated space where you can work digitally out of reach of others. A penthouse (VPC) in an apartment complex (AWS cloud) has its own unique characteristics. It's separate from the rest of the apartments, and it offers a high level of security and control, allowing you to control who is in and out of your home and when. When you live in an apartment, there are basic rules to follow, and residents are free to act within those rules. You can add and rearrange furniture in your own home as needed, but you can't bring exercise equipment from the gym, which is a common area within the apartment complex, into your own home. This is similar to how a VPC works. AWS gives you a designated space in the cloud, and you can configure it however you want within set rules. The difference is that with a VPC, you can request more resources as you need them, and if approved, they become part of your VPC. Components of a VPCs 1. Subnet A subnet is a small network that one network is divided into. Each subnet is assigned a range of IP addresses and can have its own policies for controlling network traffic. This allows you to divide your VPC into separate sections with specific purposes, such as hosting web servers or database servers. Within a VPC, you can create multiple subnets, each of which must exist within one Available Zone (AZ) and cannot extend across multiple zones. Launching AWS resources in separate Availability Zones protects your applications from failures in a single Availability Zone. A public subnet is a public network that is open to the outside world and can communicate directly with the rest of the Internet. A private subnet is not directly accessible from the outside and only allow one-way communication from inside to outside using a NAT gateway. 2. Routing tables and routers A routing table contains a set of rules called routes that determine where network traffic on a subnet or gateway is sent. Each subnet in a VPC must be associated with a routing table. Unless you set it up otherwise, it is associated with the VPC's default routing table. You can modify the routing table, create custom routing tables, and associate them with subnets to more precisely control traffic flow. 3. Internet gateways and NAT gateways An Internet gateway can be thought of as a gateway that allows communication between your VPC and the Internet. A Network Address Translation (NAT) gateway, on the other hand, is a NAT service that allows instances in your private subnet to access the Internet or other AWS services, while preventing the Internet from initiating a connection with those instances. This enables secure outbound connections to instances in your VPC's private subnet. 4. Network Access Control Lists and Security Groups Network Access Control Lists (ACLs) and security groups are the backbone of network security within a VPC. Network ACLs allow or deny specific inbound or outbound traffic at the subnet level. Network ACL rules are evaluated as traffic enters and leaves the subnet, not as it is routed within the subnet, meaning that the response to permitted inbound traffic follows the rules for outbound traffic and vice versa. In contrast, security groups operate at the individual resource level. They control inbound and outbound traffic to an instance and can specify allowable traffic based on ports and protocols. Each security group adds a separate set of rules for inbound and outbound traffic. Benefits of using VPC 1. Privacy and security By isolating your network infrastructure, a VPC ensures that your data is separate from other data in the public cloud. Features like security groups and network access control lists allow you to control inbound and outbound traffic, further securing your applications. 2. Customizable network configuration With a VPC, you have the freedom to customize your network configuration to meet your business needs. You can select IP address ranges, create subnets, configure route tables and network gateways. 3. Controlled traffic flow VPCs allow controlled access to resources. You can use routing tables, Internet gateways, and virtual private network (VPN) connections to direct and manage the flow of data within your network. 4. Extended IT infrastructure With a secure VPN connection, you can connect your on-premises resources to your cloud infrastructure, making it an extension of your own data center. This makes data transfer smoother and allows you to leverage the benefits of both environments. 5. Multiple connectivity options VPCs offer multiple connectivity options, including a private connection to your on-premises, a direct connection option to your office or local network, and a VPN connection over the internet. VPCs and other cloud models As you learn about cloud computing, it's a good idea to understand the differences between different models such as VPC, public cloud, hybrid cloud, and on-premises environments. Each model offers unique features to meet different needs. Public Clouds A public cloud can be described as a shared space that is open to the general public, like a plaza or park. Everyone can use the park's resources, such as benches and playgrounds, and it can accommodate many people at once. Public clouds have the advantage of being cost-effective because they are managed and operated by a cloud service provider, so you don't have to buy physical servers, and you don't have to worry about operating and maintaining them. This makes them ideal for businesses with fluctuating demand or public applications with many users. Private Clouds A private cloud is a building that is used exclusively by one family, like a single-family home. From the interior of the house to the yard, the family can decorate and manage it as they wish. However, this requires higher maintenance costs and management compared to an apartment complex. A private cloud is a cloud that can be used exclusively by a single customer with independent access. It's used where data needs to be protected, such as an organization's intranet or data center. The advantage of a private cloud is that it can be operated internally, allowing you to manage your data and resources efficiently. Hybrid Clouds A hybrid cloud is a combination of a public cloud and a private cloud, connected through technology that allows data and applications to be exchanged between the two. Think of it as a bridge between an island (private cloud) and a mainland (public cloud). Hybrid clouds combine the best of both cloud computing models, allowing sensitive data and applications that require security to operate in a private cloud, while relatively lightly loaded applications, etc. can operate in a public cloud. This allows organizations to reduce costs and maintain security and control to meet the needs of their business. Conclusion We've covered a lot of ground, from VPC architectural frameworks to detailed comparisons with public, private, and hybrid clouds. To get the most out of VPC, you need to have a general understanding of the network, not just a grasp of VPC fundamentals. We hope this VPC guide has helped you get started. Links What is Amazon VPC? - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud What is a Private Cloud? - Private Cloud Explained - AWS What is Hybrid Cloud? - Hybrid Cloud Computing Explained - AWS Amazon VPC FAQ - AWS SmileShark Services SmileShark BuildUp | Accurate infra suggestion / Rapid deployment support SmileShark Migration | SmileShark guides you through the entire migration to AWS SmileShark Tech Support | Get expert guidance and assistance to achieve your goals

Written by Hyojung Yoon Hello! Today we're going to explore the world of cloud databases. In today's fast-paced, data-driven world, it's important to have a reliable and efficient database system. Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers two main services, Amazon EC2 and Amazon RDS, that cater to different database needs. But which service to use is your choice? This article will help you decide between EC2 and RDS. We'll compare the two in various ways, look at how they work, and discuss the cost differences. So let's get started! What is Amazon EC2? Features of Amazon EC2 Configuration of Amazon EC2 Instance Types of Amazon EC2 What is Amazon RDS? Features of Amazon RDS Types of Amazon RDS Databases Differences between EC2 and RDS Comparison in terms of cost Same usage scenario Cost variation depending on the situation Decision-making process between Amazon EC2 and Amazon RDS Conclusion What is Amazon EC2? 1. Features of Amazon EC2 Scalable compute capacity to meet your needs Choosing from a variety of instance types to fit your use case Choosing your operating system, applications, services, and even boot partition size Integration with other Amazon services, including Amazon S3, RDS and VPC 2. Configuration of Amazon EC2 AWS EC2 Instance Similar to a physical computer or server A virtual server on which you can run applications Instance power on = computer power on Amazon AMI (Amazon Machine Learning Image) Similar to the default operating system and software on a computer Pre-configured templates for creating new instances Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store) Similar to a computer's hard drive Providing raw block-level storage that can be connected to EC2 3. Instance Types of Amazon EC2 What is Amazon RDS? 1. Features of Amazon RDS Saas-based service that autoconfigures and maintains databases in the cloud. Instant compute scaling. Storage scaling is also easy Can handle high volume application read traffic by creating one or more replicas of a DB instance Supports 6 DB engines, giving you the ability to choose the right one for your needs 2. Types of Amazon RDS Database Differences between EC2 and RDS Imagine you're planning a dinner party. You have two options: cook it yourself or hire a professional caterer. Cooking yourself gives you complete control over the menu selection and preparation to your liking, but it's time-consuming and requires cooking skills. On the other hand, hiring a professional caterer is more convenient and allows you to enjoy the party without worrying about cooking. The downside is that it can be expensive, and you have limited control over the menu. This is similar to choosing between Amazon EC2 and Amazon RDS for your database needs. You could say that EC2 is like cooking the dinner yourself and RDS is like hiring a chef. Like cooking dinner, using EC2 means that you do all the work yourself. You have to set up the kitchen (server), get the ingredients (software), and cook the meal (database management). Just as you can choose your database software and configuration in EC2, you have the freedom to choose your ingredients and cooking method, but it takes time and effort to prepare the meal. Similarly, managing a database in EC2 requires skills and resources, as you are responsible for maintaining and updating the server. RDS is like hiring a professional caterer for a dinner party: they handle everything from menu planning to food preparation to clean up. Just like you don't have to worry about cooking or cleaning when you hire a professional, you don't have to worry about managing your servers when you use RDS because AWS handles all the mundane tasks like backups and updates. However, hiring a professional is often more expensive than cooking for yourself. Similarly, RDS can be more expensive than EC2, but the time savings and convenience can make it worth the cost. Comparison in temrs of cost 1. Same usage scenario Suppose you need a single t3.medium instance with 100 GB of general-purpose (SSD) storage and are running a database operating in the Eastern (Northern Virginia) region of the United States. (All costs are calculated as of May 2023) EC2 - Instance cost(on-demand t3.medium) : $0.0416/hr - EBS storage cost(gp2) : $0.10/GB/month RDS - Instance cost(on-demand db.t3.medium) : $0.068/hr - RDS storage cost(gp2) : $0.115/GB/month Let's calculate the monthly costs assuming the instance runs 24/7 (approximately 720 hours per month). EC2 Monthly Cost - Instances : 720 hours * $0.0416/hr = about $30 - Storage : 100GB * $0.10/GB = $10 - Total : about $40 RDS Monthly Cost - Instances : 720 hours * $0.068/hr = about $49 - Storage : 100GB * $0.115/GB = $11.5 - Total : about $60.5 When comparing costs, EC2 looks cheaper, but RDS is a managed service, while EC2 requires you to manage the database yourself. The extra cost of RDS pays for convenience and features like automated backups and software patches. 2. Cost variation depending on the situation There are scenarios where the cost difference between Amazon EC2 and Amazon RDS can be different. High availability If your application requires high availability, you might need to run multiple instances. In this scenario, RDS might be more cost-effective because it provides features that you would have to implement and manage on your own in EC2, such as automated backups, failover support, and other high-availability features. Reserved instances(RI) Both EC2 and RDS offer reserved instances, which can save you a significant amount of money with a one or three-year commitment. The savings are potentially greater with RDS because the base cost is higher. Data transfer Depending on the amount of data you transfer, your costs can also vary. In most cases, RDS includes more data transfer costs than EC2. Therefore, choosing between EC2 and RDS based on cost alone can be misleading. RDS may cost more upfront, but when you factor in management costs and features like automatic backups, patch management, and high availability, it can save you money in the long run. It's always a good idea to consider the total cost of ownership, which includes both direct and indirect costs associated with each service. Decision-making process between Amazon EC2 and Amazon RDS The figure above is a diagram that visualizes Amazon's documentation to assist in the decision-making process to help you choose between Amazon EC2 and Amazon RDS. Conclusion Just like deciding whether to cook for yourself or hire a professional caterer for a dinner party, choosing between EC2 and RDS depends on your specific needs, budget, and desired level of management. The choice isn't just about cost or features, it's about understanding your needs and how the service fits into your long-term goals. As you navigate the ever-evolving cloud landscape, choose wisely to optimize your operations and increase user satisfaction. Links Fully Managed Relational Database - Amazon RDS - Amazon Web Services Secure and resizable cloud compute - Amazon EC2 - Amazon Web Services Amazon EC2 Instance Types - Amazon Web Services Choosing between Amazon EC2 and Amazon RDS - AWS Prescriptive Guidance Add services - AWS Pricing Calculator SmileShark Services SmileShark BuildUp | Accurate infra suggestion / Rapid deployment support SmileShark Migration | SmileShark guides you through the entire migration to AWS SmileShark Tech Support | Get expert guidance and assistance achieving your objectives

Written by Hyojung Yoon Hello! Today we're going to explore the world of cloud data warehouses, specifically Amazon Redshift and Google BigQuery. If you're curious about how companies store, analyze and manage massive amounts of data in today's data-driven world then the answer lies in Cloud data warehouses like Amazon Redshift and Google BigQuery. In this article, we'll first take a quick look at what a data warehouse is and what its characteristics are, and then do a comparative analysis of Redshift and BigQuery, two leading cloud data warehouse solutions. Let's get started! What is a Data Warehouse? The importance of data today Data Warehouse and Cloud Data Warehouse Features of Data Warehouse Benefits of Cloud Data Warehouse Scalability Flexibility Agility Cost Optimization Enhanced security Collaboration Comparison of Cloud Data Warehouses Amazon Redshift Google BigQuery Conclusion What is a Data Warehouse? The importance of data today People and machines produce vast amounts of data every day. It enables businesses, governments, and individuals to make informed choices and discover new insights. The importance of data is only growing as our reliance on technology increases, and data has become a key part of modern life. Understanding and utilizing data can help you make better decisions, increase efficiency, and make the most of the opportunities it presents. Data Warehouse and Cloud Data Warehouse Data warehouse is a portmanteau of the words Data and warehouse and refers to a structured and integrated environment of technology that aims to accumulate and integrate data in a time series to support efficient decision-making from a strategic perspective. In other words, it is a database that integrates, coordinates, and manages data from each of the distributed databases within an organization and converts them into a common format for efficient decision-making. Cloud data warehouse is a centralized, large-scale storage solution that enables organizations to store and analyze vast amounts of data in the cloud, making it easy to access and secure. Cloud data warehouses reduce an organization's infrastructure costs, increase flexibility, and are easily scalable. Here's an analogy to help you understand. If you think of books as data, you can think of your bookshelf, the place where you store and organize your books, as a "data warehouse" for your books. Let's say you want to share this collection of books with your friends and want them to be able to access your books anytime, anywhere. To do this, you decide to move your entire book collection to an online platform like an e-library. This is similar to a cloud data warehouse, where the data(in this case, books) is stored on the internet and can be easily accessed from anywhere. So, a cloud data warehouse is like an online bookshelf where all your data(books) are stored and organized for easy access, analysis, and sharing with others. Just like you can easily search for the book you want in an online library, a cloud data warehouse allows you to quickly search and analyze large amounts of data to find useful information and insights. Features or Data Warehouse Benefits of Cloud Data Warehouse 1. Scalability Cloud data warehouses are elastic, so they can seamlessly scale up or down as your business needs change. 2. Flexibility Cloud data warehouses support a variety of data types, including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data, and make it easy for businesses to integrate data from different sources. 3. Agility Cloud data warehouses can quickly process and analyze large amounts of data in near real time. This enables faster, more agile decision-making by providing the insights you need to make informed decisions. 4. Cost Optimization Cloud data warehouses can be more cost-effective than traditional on-premises data warehouses because businesses don't have to invest in expensive hardware, software, and maintenance. 5. Enhanced security Cloud data warehouses come with advanced security measures to protect your data from unauthorized access and potential data breaches. These include encryption, firewalls, and regular security updates to keep your data safe. 6. Collaboration Cloud data warehouses enable collaboration between teams by allowing multiple users to access and analyze data anytime, anywhere. Comparison of Cloud Data Warehouses 1. Amazon Redshift Provide a Cloud Data Platform focued on leveraging customer data Features and Advantages Fully managed cloud data warehouse at petabyte scale Seamless integration with other AWS services Easily store all processing results in an S3 data lake 10x faster performance than traditional DW with columnar storage, massively parallel query execution, and more Secure and manageable option for organizations with high security and compliance needs Use when you need to perform complex queries quickly or need regular batch processing Differences from traditional DW Store and analyze your data in a single S3 to get insights you can't get by analyzing individual data alone Pay-as-you-go pricing model where you only pay for the resources you use Analyze not only structured data but also semi-structured and unstructured data 2. Google BigQuery Analyze data optimized···Supports a variety of infrastructure environments Features and Advantages Fully managed cloud data warehouse at petabyte scale Built-in BI engine, powerful machine learning capabilities available through SQL extensions Easy to use and set up with a highly scalable serverless architecture Seamless integration with other Google services An attractive option for businesses looking for a powerful and easy-to-use data warehouse Use when you need real-time analytics for large datasets Differences from traditional DW Relatively easy to analyze data because you only need to know the SQL language No need to install and operate as a cloud service Can utilize powerful computing resources without investing in infrastructure Conclusion Amazon Redshift and Google BigQuery are both powerful cloud data warehouses, each with their own strengths and benefits. Redshift excels at scalability and data warehousing for AWS users, while BigQuery shines with its serverless architecture and seamless integration with other Google Cloud services. If you don't have any technical background, think of it as choosing between two flavors of ice cream - they're both delicious in their own right, but it depends on your preferences and the occasion. Similarly, the best choice for your business will depend on your needs, budget, and existing infrastructure. Understanding the differences between data warehouses and choosing the one that best suits your needs will enable you to make an informed decision that will help your business grow. Links What is a Data Warehouse? | Key Concepts | Amazon Web Services What is a data wareshouse? | Definition, components, architecture | SAP Insights What is a Data Warehouse? | Google Cloud Amazon Redshift Serverless - Amazon Web Services BigQuery Enterprise Data Warehouse | Google Cloud [Special Feature] Analyzing data quickly and easily with a 'cloud-based data platform' - ComputerWorld

Written by Hyojung Yoon Hello! Today we're going to talk about CDNs. In our ever-evolving digital world, we all want a fast and reliable connection to internet content. Have you ever wondered how websites load quickly when you access them from the other side of the world? The answer lies in a technology called a CDN, or Content Delivery Network. In this article, we'll take a quick look at what a CDN is, how it works, and do a comparative analysis of the leading CDN solutions. So let's get started! What is a CDN? How CDN works Benefits of CDN Improve web page load times Reduce bandwidth usage and costs Increase content availability Respond to traffic spikes Increased security Comparison of CDN Services CloudFront Akamai Cloudflare Fastly Conclusion What is a CDN? A Contents Delivery Network(CDN) is a network of servers distributed around the world to deliver content to users quickly and securely. By delivering content from servers closer to the user, it speeds up delivery and significantly reduces latency. To make it easier for you to understand, let's compare a CDN to a courier delivery system. Think of the Internet as a giant courier delivery system for websites and content. Just like a courier system that sends packages from one place to another, a CDN helps deliver content (images, videos, text, etc.) to your computer or smartphone. When you order something online, it's usually shipped from a warehouse to your home. Similarly, a CDN stores content in multiple locations around the world (called servers) and delivers it to you from the closest server. This makes content load faster and provides a seamless online experience. How CDNs work Imagine you're accessing your favorite website on your smartphone or computer. If the website's servers are located far away, the webpage might take a while to load. This is where a content delivery network, or CDN, can help speed up the delivery of the content you're trying to access. A CDN is a network of interconnected servers that work together to distribute content, such as images, videos, or web pages, to users around the world. When a user requests content, the CDN identifies the servers closest to the user (also known as edge servers) and delivers the content from those servers instead of the origin server. This greatly reduces the time it takes for the content to travel, making it faster and more efficient to deliver. To further optimize this process, CDNs utilize caching, which stores copies of content on multiple servers across the network. By utilizing caching, when a user requests content, the requested content is readily available on the closest server. This allows CDNs to reduce latency-the time it takes for content to be delivered from the origin server to the user. As a result, CDNs play an important role in improving website and application performance, providing a faster, smoother internet experience for you and your fellow users. Benefits of CDN 1. Improve web page load times CDNs use CDN servers close to your users to serve content, which results in faster page load times. If your page load times are too slow, users might bounce, and your site traffic might decrease. A CDN reduces this bounce rate and increases the amount of time users spend on your site, so more users stay longer. 2. Reduce bandwidth usage and costs Web hosts charge based on the data transferred from their servers. By storing a copy of the content closer to the user, a CDN reduces the amount of data transferred from the original server. By doing so, the CDN reduces the amount of data that the original server has to serve, reducing bandwidth usage and costs. 3. Increase content availability Too many visitors at once or a hardware failure can cause your website to crash. Because CDNs are decentralized, they can handle more traffic and withstand hardware failures. Plus, if one or more CDN services go offline, other operational servers can replace them to ensure that your service is not interrupted. 4. Respond to traffic spikes A distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack attempts to bring down a server by sending large amounts of fake traffic to a website. CDNs can handle spikes in traffic by reducing the impact on the origin server through methods such as distributed processing, which spreads the load across multiple servers, and distinguishing between normal and abnormal requests. 5. Increased security CDNs can increase security by mitigating distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, improving secure authentication, and other optimizations. Comparison of CDN Services 1. CloundFront A part of Amazon Web Services (AWS), one of the largest cloud providers Advantages Seamless AWS integration 200+ edge locations provide a wide-reaching network Pay-as-you-go with volume discounts available Lambda@Edge Disadvantages Less straightforward pricing limited free tier compared to Cloudflare Complex setup for beginners 2. Akamai A pioneer in the CDN market, offering experience and reliabillity Advantages 300,000+ servers provide a massive global network Fast, secure, high-performance content delivery Image/Video optimization Custom pricing for tailored solutions Disadvantages Custom pricing less transparent Lacks a free tier for small-scale users Complex setup for beginners 3. Cloudflare A user-friendly, feature-rich CDN provider Advantages A wide-reaching global network with 250+ cities Free tier for small-scale users Argo smart routing Cloudflare Workers enables serverless edge computing Disadvantages Lack some features needed for advanced use cases The global network is not as extensive as competitiors Additional features like Argo, Workers come with extra costs 4. Fastly A CDN provider focuses on speed, flexibility, and customization Advantages Instant Purge allows for rapid cache invalidation Edge-Compute platform for running custom code at the edge Pay-as-you-go pricing with volume discounts can be cost-effective Disadvantages A smaller global network compared to competitiors Lacks a free tier for small-scale users Complex setup for beginners Conclusion In today's digital landscape, CDNs are a critical component, ensuring fast and secure content delivery. In this article, we've provided a comparative analysis of the leading CDN solutions, as well as their strengths and limitations. With this in mind, careful consideration is essential when choosing the right CDN solution. Why not adopt the right CDN service for your business to boost website performance and improve user satisfaction? Links What is a CDN? - Content Delivery Network Explained - AWS What is a Content Delivery Network (CDN)? | How do CDNs work?| Cloudflare What is a content delivery network (CDN)? | IBM SmileShark Services SmileShark CloudFront | Fast and Secure Developer-friendly Content Delivery Network(CDN)

AWS Certification Types & Tiers : Emerging AWS Certification for 2023 + Data Engineer, the new certification Written by Hyojung Yoon Hello! Today we're going to learn about AWS certifications. Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a cloud computing platform provided by Amazon and is one of the most popular cloud service provider in the world. According to Michael Yu, Client Market Leader of Skillsoft Technology and Developer Portfolio, "The skyrocketing value of cloud-related certifications is not a new phenomenon," indicating that more companies are using cloud computing platforms. Among cloud-related certifications, AWS Certification is known to validate the technical skills and cloud expertise needed to advance your career and scale your business. So let's get started! AWS Certification Overview What is AWS Certifications Types of AWS Certifications Certification Validity Tiers of AWS Certification Foundational Cloud Practitioner Associate Solutions Architect Developer SysOps Administrator Data Engineer Professional Solutions Architect DevOps Engineer Specialty Advanced Networking Security Machine Learning Database Data Analytics SAP on AWS AWS certifications of current interest Conclusion AWS Certification Overview 1. What is AWS Certifications AWS certifications are programs that allow you to demonstrate your knowledge and expertise in using the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud computing platform. AWS certifications focus on a variety of areas, including cloud architecture, development, and operations, and are organized into different levels. Certification exams are administered in multiple languages at testing centers around the world. 2. Types of AWS Certification AWS offers granular certifications for different roles and skill levels. These certifications are divided into four tiers: Foundational, Associate, Professional, and Specialty. 3. Certification Validity Certifications are valid for three years from the date they are earned, so be sure to keep them up to date before they expire. For Foundational and Associate level certifications, you can also fulfill the renewal requirements for Sage certifications by passing a higher level exam or renewing your certification. Tiers of AWS Certification Foundational AWS Certification 1. Cloud Practitioner (CLF) Target Candidates Individuals with a basic understanding of the AWS cloud platform Ideal for non-technical roles such as sales, marketing, finance, and business analysts Exam Overview Cloud Concepts(26%), Security & Compliance(25%), Technology(33%), Billing & Pricing(16%) Cost $100 | 65 questions | 90 minutes Associate AWS Certifications 1. Solutions Architect (SAA) Target Candidates 1 + years of hands-on experience designing cloud solutions using AWS services Exam Overview Design Secure Architectures(30%) Design Resilient Architectures(26%) Design High-Performing Architectures(24%) Design Cost-optimized Architectures(20%) Cost $150 | 65 questions | 130 minutes 2. Developer (DVA) Target Candidates 1 + years of hands-on experience in developing and maintaining applications by using AWS services Exam Overview Development with AWS Services(32%) Security(26%) Deployment(24%) Troubleshooting and Optimization(18%) Cost $150 | 65 questions | 130 minutes 3. SysOps Administrator (SOA) Target Candidates 2+ years of experience in data engineering and 1+ years of hands-on experience with AWS services Exam Overview As of March 28, 2023, the AWS Certified SysOps Administrator - Associate exam will not include exam labs until further more. Monitoring, Logging, and Remediation(20%) Reliability and Business Continuity(16%) Deployment, Provisioning, and Automation(18%) Security and Compliance(16%) Networking and Content Delivery(18%) Cost and Performance Optimization(12%) Cost $150 | 65 questions | 130 minutes 4. Data Engineer (DEA) : 2023 beta exam Target Candidates 1 + years of hands-on experience in developing and maintaining applications by using AWS services Exam Overview The beta registration will open on October 31, 2023. The beta exam will be available from November 27, 2023 to January 12, 2024. Demand for data engineer roles increased by 42% year over year per a Dice tech jobs report Data ingestion and Transformation(34%) Data Store Management(26%) Data Operations and Support(22%) Data Security and Governance(18%) Cost $75* | 85 questions | 170 minutes *Beta exams are offered at a 50% discount from standard exam pricing. **Beta exam results are available 90 days from the close of the beta exam. Professional AWS Certifications 1. Solutions Architect (SAP) Target Candidates 2+ years of experience in using AWS services to design and implement cloud solutions Exam Overview Designing Solutions for Organizational Complexity(26%) Designing for New Solutions(29%) Continuous Improvement of Existing Solutions(25%) Accelerate Workload Migration and Modernization(20%) Cost $300 | 75 questions | 180 minutes 2. DevOps Engineer (DOP) Target Candidates 2 + years of experience in provisioning, operating, and managing AWS environments Experience with software development lifecycle and programming and scripting Exam Overview Job listings requiring this certification have increased by 52% between Oct 2021 and Sept 2022 (source: Lightcast™ September 2022). SDLC Automation(22%) Configuration Management and IaC(17%) Resilient Cloud Solutions(15%) Monitoring and Logging(15%) Incident and Event Response(14%) Security and Compliance(17%) Cost $300 | 75 questions | 180 minutes Specialty AWS Certifications 1. Advanced Networking (ANS) Target Candidates 5+ years of networking experience with 2+ years of cloud and hybrid networking experience Exam Overview Network Design(30%) Network Implementation(26%) Network Management and Operations(20%) Network Security, Compliance, and Governance(24%) Cost $300 | 65 questions | 170 minutes 2. Security (SCS) Target Candidates Experience in securing AWS workloads (2+ years of hands-on experience) Experience in designing and implementing security solutions (5+ years of hands-on experience) Exam Overview Incident Response(12%) Logging and Monitoring(20%) Infrastructure Security(26%) Identity and Access Management(20%) Data Protection(22%) Cost $300 | 65 questions| 170 minutes 3. Machine Learning (MLS) Target Candidates Experience developing, architecting, and running ML or deep learning workloads in the AWS Cloud(2+ years of hands-on experience) Exam Overview Data Engineering(20%) Exploratory Data Analysis(24%) Modeling(36%) Machine Learning Implementation and Operations(20%) Cost $300 | 65 questions | 180 minutes 4. Database (DBS) Target Candidates Minimum of 5 years of common database technology Minimum of 2 years of hands-on experience working on AWS Exam Overview Workload-Specific Database Design(25%) Deployment and Migration (20%) Management and Operations(18%) Monitoring and Troubleshooting(18%) Database Security(18%) Cost $300 | 65 questions | 180 minutes 5. Data Analytics (DAS) Target Candidates 5 + years of Common data analytics technologies and 2 + years of hands-on experience working with AWS services to design, build, secure, and maintain analytics solutions Exam Overview Collection(18%) Storage and Data management(22%) Processing(24%) Analysis and Visualization(18%) Security(18%) Cost $300 | 65 questions | 180 minutes 6. SAP on AWS (PAS) Target Candidates 5+ years of SAP experience and 1+ years of experience in working with SAP on AWS Exam Overview Designing SAP workloads on AWS(30%) Implementation of SAP workloads on AWS(24%) Migration of SAP workloads to AWS(26%) Operation and maintenance of SAP workloads on AWS(20%) Cost $300 | 65 questions | 170 minutes Top 5 AWS valuable certifications of 2023 The popularity and demand for AWS certifications change over time with market trends and changing organizational needs. As of 2023, here are top 5 certifications that are more popular and interesting than ever before. 1. AWS Certified Solution Architect - Professional The demand for professionals who can design and deploy complex systems on AWS has increased. The AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Professional certification has become more popular as a result, with a focus on advanced topics such as multi-tier architectures, data management, and deployment strategies. 2. AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional The adoption of DevOps practices and the need for professionals who can automate and manage applications on AWS has increased. The AWS Certified DevOps Engineer – Professional certification has become more popular as a result, covering topics such as continuous delivery, monitoring, and automation. 3. AWS Certified Machine Learning - Specialty As machine learning and artificial intelligence become more important in various industries, the demand for professionals who can design, develop, and deploy machine learning solutions on AWS has increased. The AWS Certified Machine Learning – Specialty certification has become more popular as a result. 4. AWS Certified Security - Specialty With the increasing threat of cyber attacks and data breaches, the need for professionals who can implement and maintain effective security measures on AWS has increased. The AWS Certified Security – Specialty certification has become more popular as a result, covering topics such as security operations, identity and access management, and data protection. 5. AWS Certified Database - Specialty As organizations rely more on data and cloud-based database solutions, the need for professionals who can design and manage these solutions on AWS has increased. The AWS Certified Database – Specialty certification has become more popular as a result, covering topics such as database design, migration, and optimization. Conclusion The AWS certifications introduced in this article demonstrate cloud expertise. It is good to improve your competitiveness with having the AWS certifications which is the best cloud service provider in the world. If you're looking to demonstrate your AWS knowledge in the ever-evolving and fast-paced world of cloud technology, then get AWS certifications. Links Highest paid IT certifications command $130K+ AWS Certification - Validate AWS Cloud Skills - Get AWS Certified